Belgium Overview and Geography

Belgium is an important country to both Europe and the rest of the world as its capital, Brussels, is the headquarters the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) and of the European Commission and the Council of the European Union. In addition, that city is the home of many worldwide banking and insurance firms, leading some to call Brussels the unofficial capital of Europe. Fast Facts: Belgium Official Name: Kingdom of BelgiumCapital: BrusselsPopulation: 11,570,762 (2018)Official Languages: Dutch, French, GermanCurrency: Euro (EUR)Form of Government: Federal parliamentary democracy under a constitutional monarchyClimate: Temperate; mild winters, cool summers; rainy, humid, cloudyTotal Area: 11,787 square miles (30,528 square kilometers)Highest Point: Botrange at 2,277 feet (694 meters)  Lowest Point: North Sea at 0 feet (0 meters) History of Belgium Like many of the worlds countries, Belgium has a long history. Its name is derived from the Belgae, a Celtic tribe that lived in the area in the first century BCE. Also during the first century, the Romans invaded the area and Belgium was controlled as a Roman province for nearly 300 years. Around 300 CE, Romes power began to diminish when Germanic tribes were pushed into the area and eventually the Franks, a German group, took control of the country. After the arrival of the Germans, the northern part of Belgium became a German-speaking area, while the people in the south remained Roman and spoke Latin. Soon after, Belgium became controlled by the Dukes of Burgundy and was eventually taken over by the Hapsburgs. Belgium was then later occupied by Spain from 1519 to 1713 and Austria from 1713 to 1794. In 1795, however, Belgium was annexed by Napoleonic France after the French Revolution. Shortly thereafter, Napoleons army was beaten during the Battle of Waterloo near Brussels and Belgium became a part of the Netherlands in 1815. It was not until 1830 that Belgium won its independence from the Dutch. In that year, there was an uprising by the Belgian people and in 1831, a constitutional monarchy was established, and a monarch from the House of Saxe-Coburg Gotha in Germany was invited to run the country. Throughout the decades following its independence, Belgium was invaded several times by Germany. In 1944 though, British, Canadian, and American military forces formally liberated Belgium. Languages of Belgium Because Belgium was controlled by different foreign powers for centuries, the country is very diverse linguistically. Its official languages are French, Dutch, and German, but its population is divided into two distinct groups. The Flemings, the larger of the two, live in the north and speak Flemish—a language closely related to Dutch. The second group lives in the south and consists of the Walloons, who speak French. In addition, there is a German community near the city of Lià ¨ge. Brussels is officially bilingual. These different languages are important to Belgium because concerns over losing linguistic power have caused the government to divide the country into different regions, each of which has control over its cultural, linguistic, and educational matters. Belgiums Government Today, Belgiums government is run as a parliamentary democracy with a constitutional monarch. It has two branches of government. The first is the executive branch which consists of the king, who serves as the head of state; the prime minister, who is the head of government; and the Council of Ministers, which represents the decision-making cabinet. The second branch is the legislative branch, a bicameral parliament made up of the Senate and the House of Representatives. The major political parties in Belgium are the Christian Democratic, the Liberal Party, the Socialist Party, the Green Party, and Vlaams Belang. The voting age in the country is 18. Because of its focus on regions and local communities, Belgium has several political subdivisions, each of which has a varied amount of political power. These include 10 different provinces, three regions, three communities, and 589 municipalities. Industry and Land Use of Belgium Like many other European countries, Belgiums economy consists mainly of the service sector but industry and agriculture are also significant. The northern area is considered the most fertile and much of the land there is used for livestock, although some of the land is used for agriculture. The main crops in Belgium are sugar beets, potatoes, wheat, and barley. In addition, Belgium is a heavily industrialized country and coal mining was once important in southern areas. Today, though, almost all of the industrial centers are in the north. Antwerp, one of the largest cities in the country, is the center of petroleum refining, plastics, petrochemicals, and the manufacturing of heavy machinery. It is also famous for being one of the worlds largest diamond trading centers. Geography and Climate of Belgium The lowest point in Belgium is sea level at the North Sea and its highest point is Signal de Botrange at 2,277 feet (694 m). The rest of the country features a relatively flat topography consisting of coastal plains in the northwest and gently rolling hills throughout the countrys central portion. The southeast, however, does have a mountainous region in its Ardennes Forest area. The climate of Belgium is considered maritime temperate with mild winters and cool summers. The average summer temperature is 77 degrees (25ËšC) while winters average around 45 degrees (7ËšC). Belgium can also be rainy, cloudy, and humid. A Few More Facts About Belgium Belgium has a literacy rate of 99%The life expectancy is 78.685% of Belgians live in towns and citiesNearly 80% of the population of Belgium is Roman Catholic but there are several other religions in the country, all of which receive government subsidies. Sources Central Intelligence Agency. CIA - The World Factbook -- Belgium.Infoplease.com. Belgium: History, Geography, Government, and Culture.United States Department of State. Belgium.

Be Warned and Study JusticeThe Shifting Definition of...

Be Warned and Study Justice:The Shifting Definition of Justice in Virgil’s Aeneid A twenty-first century reading of the Iliad and the Odyssey will highlight a seeming lack of justice: hundreds of men die because of an adulteress, the most honorable characters are killed, the cowards survive, and everyone eventually goes to hell. Due to the difference in the time period, culture, prominent religions and values, the modern idea of justice is much different than that of Greece around 750 B.C. The idea of justice in Virgil’s the Aeneid is easier for us to recognize. As in our own culture, â€Å"justice† in the epic is based on a system of punishment for wrongs and rewards for honorable acts. Time and time again, Virgil provides his readers†¦show more content†¦Instances that may confuse today’s audience are directly linked to the interference of the Roman gods’ will in our contemporary idea of justice. Woven throughout the Aeneid are many examples of the punishment/reward system of justice. The story of King Mezentius is a lesson in the types of characteristics and actions that can be justly punished. The King ruled his land â€Å"barbarously by force,† was a man of arrogance, and a tyrant (Virgil 246, lines 647-8, 650). He had no qualms about unnecessarily torturing his subjects in disgusting and cruel ways. Though Mezentius eventually allows himself to be killed in battle, the death of his innocent son, Lausus, is the king’s true punishment for his actions. Mezentius himself acknowledges this: My son, I stained your name with wickedness –Driven out as I was, under a cloud,From throne and scepter of my ancestors. Long since I owned my land, my hating folk,Punishment for my sins. I should have given My guilty life up, suffering every death,†(325, lines 1191-6) While the death of blameless Lausus is unfortunate, Virgil shows the type of retribution exacted for terrible treatment of others. Regardless of power or throne, Virgil shows that a king is not at liberty to do whatever he wants. The prince’s death is Mezentius’ just reward for his evils,

Food and Nutrition Support Refusal at the end of Life

Question: Describe about food and nutrition support refusal at the end of life. Answer: Introduction This research paper focuses on the discussion related to the significance of ethical, legal and moral rights and obligations of the nurse practitioners in a professional environment across the healthcare setting. The paper also emphasizes the ethical dilemma, legislative issues and ethical conventions like utilitarianism, deontology, autonomy and justice in relation to the requirement of nutrition administration to patients during the advanced stages of their debilitating and life threatening disorders. The paper discusses the evidence-based findings regarding the results of the violation of human rights and ethical principles and their adverse implications on the healthcare professionals. The significance of NGT (nasogastric tube) administration for accomplishing the nutrition and hydration needs of the patient emphasized in the context of Beauchamp and Childress principles of maleficence and non- beneficence. The prospective recommendations regarding the effective resolution of an ethical dilemma related to nutrition administration at the end of life provided for their implementation in the nursing practice. This aspect of confidentiality considered and maintained throughout this assignment in accordance with the Nursing and Midwifery Code of Conduct (NMC, 2015). The pseudonyms Susan and Julie utilized for indicating the patient and her daughter throughout the length of this research paper. Evidence-based research literature describes the process of nutrition in terms of the provision of administering nourishment for maintaining the well-being and development of the treated patient (Vander, et al., 2008). McLaren (2006) considers the hydration and nutrition as the basic human necessities warranted for accomplishing the psychosocial, cultural and biological requirements of individuals. Nutritional management is highly effective in providing immunity to patients during the process of infection treatment and surgical intervention and promotes the process of wound healing (Leaker, 2013). The term nutrition in the clinical setting attributes to the nutritional solution administered to the treated patient with the effective utilization of NGT (nasogastrictube), IVL (intravenous line) and IGT (intragastric tube). Great Britain House of Lords (1993) advocates the requirement of administration of ANH (artificial nutrition and hydration) in accordance with the legislative conventions. Contrarily, if the nutritional administration fails to produce a therapeutic effect, it requires removal from the treatment regimen by the healthcare professionals (Griffith, 2014). In a community home setting, 87-years old Susan experienced the end of the life condition during the progression of advanced stage of chronic lung cancer. Susan lived with her daughter Julie who was single and not accompanied with any relative. Susan opted dying at her home, rather than a hospital while receiving treatment for her terminal condition. Community healthcare teams were given the responsibility of treating Susan and monitoring the intravenous (IV) morphine administration across the residential setting. Susan experienced the symptoms of dysphagia, loss of appetite and signs of hypotension, tachypnea and tachycardia. Her oxygen saturation level, respiratory rate and heart rate recorded at 95%, 23/minute and 90/minute. The comparative analysis of these findings with the previously recorded data revealed the deteriorating health status of the patient (Resuscitation Council, 2015). Susan also exhibited the symptoms of restlessness, confusion and agitation requiring clinical as sessment by a healthcare professional (NMC, 2015). The clinical assessment warrants the assessment of patients mental ability to participate in and identify the logical decision-making for effective enhancement of her healthcare outcomes (Carroll, 2010). The Mental Capacity Act (2005) evaluates the psychosocial and mental capacity of the patient and accordingly informed consent obtained for administering the appropriate healthcare interventions (Griffith Tengnah, 2008). The mental capacity test confirmed the inability of the patient in giving her consent for healthcare intervention. The medical decision was resultantly undertaken accordingly for the health promotion and reduction of harm of the affected patient (Chidwick et al., 2013). The medical decision complied with NMC 2015 conventions that warrant the requirement of justification of the decisions of nurses in accordance with the best interest of the patient. Susan refused to take feed and drink and eventually experienced weakness, debility and dehydration. She therefore, became the subject of ANH administration with the utilization of nasogastric tube. However, Julie did not favor the administration of NGT and advocated her mothers decision in the context of the fact that she might suffer from dry mouth, aspiration and pain following the NGT intervention. In the absence of lasting power of attorney, Julie could not take a decision of challenging the NGT administration in the clinical setting (Griffith, and Tengnah, 2008). Julie was left with the only option of raising her voice against the NGT administration, while realizing the pattern and intensity of pain and suffering associated with this tubal intervention. This discrepant situation resulted in an ethical controversy that created hindrance in the care taking of the patient in the hospital setting. Nurse professionals in the clinical setting remained obliged with their duty of provid ing the best care to the patient; however, patients daughter consistently opposed this aspect of care. In the absence of an advanced directive, the nurse professionals and members of the medical team remained unaware regarding the previous views and wishes of the patient regarding the NGT intervention. The ethical dilemma resulted in a debate regarding the administration or cessation of NGT intervention while considering the patients sufferings as well as the nutritional and hydration requirements. Indeed, state of dilemma leads to the selection of the difficult option while considering its associated cost and benefits in comparison to the adverse outcomes (Buka, 2014). The detailed discussion between the physicians was undertaken in the context of taking a decision regarding the administration of ANH through nasogatric tube. Some nurse professionals advocated the perspective of administering NGT; however, some of them opposed the same while considering the inevitable death of the treated patient. The other nurse professionals advocated the requirement of taking consent from patients family members regarding NGT intervention. This posed a serious question regarding the ethical accountability of the nurse professionals in serving the patient for reducing harm and elevating her wellness outcomes. Nurse professionals utilize conventions stipulated by Nursing and Midwifery Council (NMC) and the General Medical Council (GMC) while practicing morality and ethics and defend their judg ments accordingly in problematic situations. The Human Rights Act (1998) safeguards right of living of humans in accordance with its prescribed legislation. Nurse professionals require prioritizing the benefits as well as care requirements of their patients and need to safeguard their rights while administering best available care interventions for elevating the wellness outcomes. The nurses should administer healthcare interventions while safeguarding the dignity of their patients and monitor their individualized treatment challenges and requirements (Tingle and Crib, 2007). The care and treatment require administration by nursing professionals while preserving the rights of patients and surpassing biased behavior and discriminatory attitudes (Tingle and Cribb, 2007). For accomplishing this purpose, the nurse professionals require practicing compassion and kindness in attitude for reducing the anxiety and suffering of the treated patient (NMC, 2015). Conventions for mental capacity legal test across Northern Ireland, Wales and England stipulated in accordance with the conventions of the Mental Capacity Act (2005). Indeed, while taking the decisions on behalf of patients, the nurse professionals require considering the norms that prioritize the interests of the treated patients (Allmark and Tod, 2009). In the present scenario, the same conventions utilized for administering NGT to the affected patient. The theories of deontology and utilitarianism signify various ethical dilemmas and considerably influence the healthcare strategies utilized for treating the patient population. Bentham considers utilitarianism in terms of an ethical convention that provides the greatest benefits to the patient population. The concept of utilitarianism defined in terms of consequentialist theory that considers the justification for ethical decision in accordance with its consequences rather than the method that resulted in the particular outcomes (Pieper, 2008:319). The theory of utilitarianism utilized in healthcare scenarios where there is a requirement of providing maximum benefits to the patients with limited resources (Wilmot, 2013). The utilitarian convention directly questions the moral basis of the artificial maintenance of the life of terminally ill patients like Susan. This theory advocates the lawful extension of benefits to individuals irrespective of their personal as well as societal co nstraints. Utilitarianism advocates the administration of fair and legitimate methods for enhancing the wellness outcomes of a larger section of society. This concept might require utilization for raising a question regarding the harm caused by ANH administration to Susan. Contrarily findings by Schwarz (2007) reveal the suffering faced by the patient in the absence of fluids and nutrition leading to the intense episode of hunger and weakness. On the other hand, findings by Stiles and Ella (2013) indicate that the terminally ill patients do not experience the pattern of thirst or hunger and associated manifestations. Ganzini et al. (2003) and Li (2002) advocate the contention in relation to the development of coma and distress among terminally ill patients in the absence of nutritional assistance. Similarly the case report configured by Fisker and Strandmark (2007) confirms the health advantages of nutrition and fluids for the terminally ill patients. Despite the existence of variab le perspectives on the scenario, the nurse professionals owe the duty for reducing the pattern of pain and distress of the treated patient. Nurse professionals require administering NGT intervention for adequately maintaining the nutrition and hydration status of the treated patient. The nurse professionals therefore, require taking assistance from the general physicians for administering ANH through NGT intervention. Concomitantly, nurse professionals require elevating the self-esteem, respect, comfort and dignity of Susan throughout the course of medical intervention. GMC and NMC advocate and follow the concept of deontology for legitimately imposing the obligation of care on the healthcare professionals (NMC, 2015 and GMC, 2010). Kant emphasizes the requirement of practicing morality in day-to-day life (Pieper, 2008). This deontologist argues that people remain confined within themselves and their end requires exploration within their confinements rather than considering them as a mode of attaining an end to a situation (Pieper, 2008:322). The deontologists follow the conservative attitude while considering the obligations of individuals while disregarding the respective consequences. The deontological theory warrants the requirement of the timely execution of duties and obligations by the healthcare providers. Therefore, with this concept in mind, healthcare professionals require lawfully following their responsibilities towards patients and psychosocial environment. The nurse professionals also require following the same ethical conventions while extending care and treatment to eligible patients. The deontologists consider food as an important life ingredient and therefore, nurses and physicians must administer the appropriate nutritional content to their terminally ill patients while extending care interventions to them in a professional environment (Hooper and Suzie (2011). This evidentially proves that the administration of ANH through NGT to Susan is morally justified for the rendering nurses and general physicians. Ethical conventions stipulated by Beauchamp and Childress (2008) comprehensively guide nurse professionals and physicians in terms of configuring ethically appropriate decisions for administering care and treatment to the patient population. Nurses and healthcare practitioners must follow the critical attributes like beneficence, non-maleficence, autonomy and justice in the process of medical decision-making (Gordon et al., 2011). ANH requires the administration to the patient in accordance with its benefits on the wellness pattern of the treated patient (Gordon et al., 2011). The potential advantage to Susan from ANH intervention attributes to the maintenance of comfort and hydration during the terminal stage of her illness. The convention of non-maleficence advocates the administration of strategies for reducing the pattern of harm to the treated patient (Gordon et al., 2011). This principle restrains the nurse professionals from engaging themselves in activities that might produce the potential harm to the patient population. The non-maleficence convention is regarded as the fundamental medical norm across the healthcare community (Gordon et al., 2011). Accordingly, Susan requires ANH administration for preventing the likelihood of harm to the treated patient (i.e. Susan in the presented scenario). On the other hand, the administration of NGT might cause diarrhea, dry mouth lips, and ulceration to Susan that could affect her wellness adversely (Alexander, 2011). Griffith (2014) advocates the contention related to the fact that the ANH administration at the end of life of the patient proves futile and elevates the pain and suffering of the patient. Therefore, ANH administration requires withdrawal at the end stage of life of the treated patient. Furthermore, ANH intervention also causes ascites, fluid overload and pulmonary/peripheral edema in terminally ill patients (Stiles and Ella, 2013). Contrarily, in various clinical scenarios advantages of NGT adminis tration supersede the disadvantages that occur due to non-administration of NGT to the eligible patients. Resultantly, the physicians as well as the nurse professionals require administering NGT to Susan as advocated by ethical convention (Buka, 2014). Additionally, nurse professionals require administering various supportive strategies for maintaining the psychosocial and physiological states of Susan during the treatment interventions. Autonomy indicates the capacity and decision-making ability of an individual in independently acquiring the available options with his/her self-determination (Lowden, 2002, p. 1326). The healthcare system provides autonomy to the patients for participating in their medical decision-making and sharing consent regarding their willingness or non-willingness in receiving a medical intervention (Avery, 2013). However, in the presented clinical scenario, Susan lacks mental capacity that makes her incapable of giving her consent to the recommended NGT intervention. Subsequently, healthcare professionals and nurses require taking ethical and lawful decision on behalf of Susan in accordance with her best interest and expected medical advantages (Griffith and Tengnah, 2013). Her daughter Julie lacks a lasting power of attorney in relation to her mothers health and therefore, incapable of giving her consent for Susan (Weise et al., 2014; Mann and Cornock, 2007; and Harris and Fineberg, 2011). E vidence-based research literature advocates the contention related to the fact that physicians and nurses require taking professional decisions for the incapacitated patient in the context of elevating the wellness outcomes (Lemmens, 2012). Therefore, in the presented scenario, physicians and nurses require taking an evidence-based decision in the best interest of Susan. The principle of justice warrants the requirement of administering fair, unbiased and equitable treatment interventions to the patient population (Holmes, 2010). This rationally indicates that each patient across the globe possesses equal right to the acquisition of care and treatment for enhancing his/her wellness outcomes. Healthcare professionals equitably offered similar healthcare intervention to Susan that was offered to other patients affected with similar clinical manifestations (Lees et al., 2014). The nurse professionals require evaluating the individualized requirements of the treated patients while assessing the pattern of their relationships with family members and colleagues (Barnard et al., 2006). They also require monitoring the habits and personality treats of the patients while configuring healthcare strategies and assistive interventions. Nurse professionals require attaining knowledge regarding the concept of dying and associated care strategies for assisting Susan in her difficult scenario. They also need to understand the thought process, fear, apprehensions and perspectives of Susan while configuring a therapeutic relationship with her during the course of medical intervention. Nurse professionals should effectively assist and encourage both Susan and Julie for maintaining their physical, spiritual and psychosocial well-being during the assistive intervention. The healthcare teams should efficiently track the best interest of patient and accordingly configure assistive strategies for acquiring the healthcare goals of the treated patients Fisker and Strandmark (2007). The nurse professionals should coordinate with the family members of the patient in preparing himself or herself for the process of dying. In the presented patient scenario, Susan wished to experience death inside her home; however, Julie failed to take that decision on behalf of Susan. In this complicated situation, healthcare professionals require taking informed decisions regarding the end-of-life of the patient in accordance with her best interest and comfort. The findings by Fisker and Strandmark (2007) state that the healthcare professionals require considering the emotional and spiritual requirements of the patient and family members while preparing her for the dying process. The legal system of the United Kingdom provides rights to the physicians as well as patients in making decisions regarding the end-of-life conditions Tingle and Cribb (2007). The research findings by Burnard and Chapman (2004) reveal that the end-of-life decisions not confined to the administration or withdrawal of therapeutic approaches rather these decisions also affect the administration or withdrawal of hydration and nutrition to the treated patients. Nurse professionals advocate the requirement of discussion of end-of-life decisions of patients with the concerned physicians for deriving best conclusion in accordance with the interests of the treated patients (Dimond, 2015). The diverse background of the nurse professionals often challenges the configuration of end-of-life decisions for the terminally ill patients (Tingle and Cribb, 2007). Evidence-based research literature advocates the requirement of developing consistency in the end-of-life decisions while configuring customized mechanisms that consider the overall patient scenarios rather than limited demographic feat ures in preparing the evidence-based healthcare strategies for the affected patients (De Veer et al., 2008). The UK legislative conventions advocate the requirement of taking informed consent from the patient in relation to the administration of recommended treatment interventions, and unlawful touching or access of healthcare professionals to the treated patients prohibited as per the statues of law (Tingle and Cribb, 2007). Accessing or touching (of patients) by healthcare professionals is considered lawful only after acquiring informed consent from the concerned patient (Avery, 2013). The legislative conventions therefore, emphasize the requirement of the acquisition of informed consent of the patient in relation to the administration of any medical intervention that compromises the integrity of the treated patient (Avery, 2013). The healthcare professionals require investigating the characteristics and palliative care requirements of individuals who refuse food and nutrition during their end stages of life. The healthcare teams require utilizing various screening tools for accessing the symptomatology of the terminally ill patients. Healthcare teams along with the family members of patients require periodic interaction with other multidisciplinary professionals like palliative care advisers, spiritual care experts, dieticians, pharmacists and pain-management service providers for effectively assisting the patients during the process of their dying. The healthcare teams should facilitate the easy accessibility of the services including home care, hospice care and palliative care pharmacies to the terminally ill patients and their family members. The perspective of the patients family members, protective prescription, clinical recommendation and advance care plan require documentation by healthcare professiona ls in the context of avoiding any potential conflict during the treatment process. Conclusion The research paper has debated on the ethical dilemma regarding food and nutrition support refusal in clinical practice. Susan case elaborated thoroughly in the context of the NMC Code of Conduct (2015) and Mental Capacity Act (2005). The 6Cs of nursing practice (i.e. care, competence, compassion, commitment, communication and courage) described in relation to their requirement in extending care and assistance to the terminally ill patients. Various ethical conventions were discussed in detail in the context of their relevance to the effective resolution of ethical discrepancies regarding administering food and nutrition to patients during their terminal stages. The majority of ethical conventions advocate the administration of ANH through NGT while providing end-of-life assistance to Susan. Julies perspective against the ANH administration justified in the context of the fact that she expected maximum comfort for her mother in her best interest and did not want healthcare teams to e nforce nutritional management for avoiding the expected complications. The convention advocated by Griffith (2014) supported Julies belief against the nutritional administration to the terminally ill patient. Indeed, nurse professionals require practicing compassion and politeness while administering caring strategies to facilitate the process of dying for the terminally ill patient. The maintenance of dignity and respect of the patient highly warranted while administering nursing care interventions across a comfortable healthcare setting. The outcome of this particular case is unknown since Susan rested at home while receiving ANH intervention until the accomplishment of my placement at her location.

Management of Information Technology Facilities Management

Question: Discuss about the Management of Information Technology for Facilities Management. Answer: Introduction The major aim of this particular journal is to record the activities as well as the progress based on the completion of this specific assignment. In order to accomplish the aim of this journal, the research activities that are the activities to be implemented in HSC would be identified as well as demonstrated in this journal. On the other hand, the date of the research discussion or the activity would be specified with the help of this journal. Moreover, the websites visited in terms of collecting information and other references accessed would also be mentioned. At last, the time duration of the activity would also be mentioned in this journal. Research Activity This research is comprised of several activities of IT service management in HSC. the IT tea of HSC has to find out the importance of ITSM for the company in order to have an effective processes in place for managing IT services. The major operation of the IT team of HSC is the conversation of the requirements of business into the solutions of technology. On the other hand, the team has to continue the adoption of ITIL with the processes from the phase of the service strategy. The team would also discuss the benefit of the implementation of the service strategy. In addition, the service design processes would be identified by the IT department of HSC. They would also recommend the service design processes with the highest priority for HSC. The IT team of would also be careful about the advantages as well as the downsides of the ISO / IEC 20000 certification. Date, Timeline and websites visited for the Activities The activities would be implemented from the month of July in 2016 onwards. There are several websites those can be very effective for the IT department of organization in terms of constructing the entire research. The websites with the information ITSM, ITIL as well as the ISO / IEC 20000 certification would be effective for the organization. Most importantly, all of the activities to conduct the entire research, a specific amount time would be required for the organization. The research can be continued for 6 months. Conclusion The journal has mainly provided an overview of the activities those are to be researched; the timeline to complete the activities as well as the websites from which the data sources would be gathered. From the entire discussion made in this journal, it has been clear that the research with the activities must be small but compact so that the outcome of this research can be worthy for the organization. Executive Summary This particular report is mainly aimed to demonstrate the activities to implement ITSM in HSC by adopting ITIL. It aimed to implement the importance of ITSM for HSC to have effective processes for managing the services or the operations of IT. On the other hand, the service strategies of the ITIL have also been implemented those are beneficial for the IT operation management of HSC. In addition, the service design processes have also been demonstrated in this report as well as the high priority has been set among the processes of the service design. Furthermore, the benefits as well as the drawbacks of the ISO / IEC 20000 certification for HSC have also been implemented and illustrated in this report. Letter of Transmittal The Chairman Mr. Do Hung Viet Ho Chi Minh Securities Corporation (HSC) Vietnam Respected Sir, This report investigates the implementation of ITSM in HSC, the service strategies of the ITIL, the service design processes and the benefits as well as the drawbacks of the ISO / IEC 20000 certification. A brief history company background has also been demonstrated in this report. It is also concluded with having general public views and recommendations. Yours Sincerely, Anh Diep Head of IT Introduction Information Technology Service Management refers to the entire activities which is mainly directed by the policies, structured as well as organized in the supporting procedures and processes those are performed by a company or the part of a company for controlling, operating, delivering and planning IT services (Barafort, Di Renzo and Merlan 2012). On the other hand, Information Technology Infrastructure Library is set of IT service management practices that aim on the alignment of IT services with the business requirements (Foster and Kesselman 2013). However, ITIL underpins the International Service Management Standard or ISO/IEC 2000 for the IT service management (Cox 2013). This report is mainly aimed to discuss as well as demonstrate the critical awareness of the Information Technology Service Management importance as well as the requirement for the companies for assuring that effective processes are in place for managing the IT infrastructures significant management. This repor t has also aimed to demonstrate the awareness of the contribution as well as the nature of the Information Technology Infrastructure Library as well as ISO / IEC 20000 in terms of giving the frameworks of good practices for the Information Technology Service Management. Apart from that, another major and significant aim of this particular report is to demonstrate the potentiality as well as the capacity for evaluating as well as comprehending the associated roles and responsibilities, activities and objectives for enabling the effective improvement, management as well as planning of the processes of IT services. In addition, this report on the ITSM, has also focused for applying the international standard for the Information Technology Service Management to the case study of HSCs ITIL adoption in their IT operations by incorporating the continual improvement of service, service operation, service transition, service design as well as the service strategy of IT. Company Background Ho Chi Minh Securities Corporation (HSC) is the award winning as well as the leading professional securities brokerage as well as equity firm in Vietnam which is one of the fastest developing economies of Asia (Anon 2016). This organization mainly delivers a comprehensive list of the financial services for the institutional as well as private clients giving professional advice of investment backed by trusted as well as solid research (Anon 2016). It has established for HSC an exceptional track record to connect businesses to investors and making long-term partnerships. Importance of ITSM at HSC Information Technology Service Management has implemented the presence of ITSM realized in both of the large and huge operations those are of global sized and he growing and medium enterprises as well (Iden and Eikebrokk 2014). All of them have felt the necessity as well as importance of it and also have tried for adopting ITSM into the functionality of it (Fitzsimmons and Fitzsimmons 2013). However, the problem is in the fact that not most of these companies understand the actual meaning of ITSM. Many of the enterprises have just implemented the Service Desk that is not the ITSMs real meaning (Davenport 2013). Information Technology Service Management is demonstrated in Information Technology Infrastructure Library as the support as well as delivery of Information Technology services those are suitable to the requirements of the business of a company (Ali, Soomro and Brohi 2013). In case of Ho Chi Minh Securities Corporation, this organization is an award-winning as well as the lead ing professional securities equity and brokerage enterprise in Vietnam that is one of the fastest developing economies in Asia (Schwalbe 2015). Therefore, the Information Technology department of this organization supports most of the crucial as well as critical services of the business within the enterprise and as such the company was on the look-out for the guidelines of Comprehensive Service Management that HSC can adopt. Thus, the organization has several high expectations from the Information Technology department of HSC (Nurfaizah, Utami and Arief 2015). As a department, as such, HSC wanted to be assured that, the organization was certain the enterprise could offer a stable platform that was ready for any kind of eventuality before the business took up any big challenges (Chauhan, Raman and Singh 2013). The business of HSC in particular was expecting for entering the derivatives market in the near future that would need the company for providing an even more robust platform of trading (Hesson, Soomro and Geray 2012). The organization also wanted for ensuring the fact that they have managed the transition as well as smoothly the subsequent workload. HSC has felt it was the most relevant as well as practical guidance that the organization could utilize by evaluating the framework ITIL (Dahlstrom, Walker and Dziuban 2013). There are several service aspects due to which the organization has planned this particular framework. These are as follows, Technical Services Information Technology Service Management focuses on the services those are related to the technology in a specific area of technology. Several ideal examples would be the Windows Administration services, Data base services as well as the network services (Fitzsimmons and Fitzsimmons 2013). Organizational Services ITSM also focuses into the role in a specific company or in a specific company (Davenport 2013). For an instance, the Operation Support Services as well as the Sales Support Services are the important and significant examples of this particular aspect of ITSM. Application Services ITSM also focuses on the particular business application of the end user (Schwalbe 2015). Thus, the ideal and appropriate examples would be the Enterprise Resource Planning Services as well as Email services. The major importances of ITSM in the context of HSC are as follows, Outstanding connection between the IT priorities as well as business Generally, the IT department as well as the business of HSC do not see eye-to-eye as well as have several differences of the opinions (Willcocks 2013). It can also be ignored by the implementation of the ITSM inside the company that enhances in turn the productivity of the business of HSC. Better integration among several different processes Various processes in the organization such as the incident management, problem management and many more well integrate with each other as well as further the productivity of HSC would increase (Alexander 2013). Better Efficiency ITSM acts such as oil to an engine which is well-refined. Therefore, it mainly smoothen the operation of the company as well as enhances the productivity and efficiency and minimizes wastages inside the company (Borghoff and Pareschi 2013). Service Strategy It is a very common fact that most of the organizations or enterprises manage their operations of Information Technology at a level of operation without any clear and diverse strategic aim (Galliers and Leidner 2014). Therefore, the organizations should implement some clear visions regarding the implementation of the strategic focus in the operational level. There are several ways through which the service strategy processes and could benefit from the implementation of the service strategies. Therefore, by remembering this fact, HSC has intended for continuing their adoption of ITIL with the processes from the phase of service strategy (Marchewka 2014). The objective of the service strategy of ITIL is for deciding on a particular strategy for serving customers. The lifecycle stage of the service strategy determines which services this organization is for offering and what abilities require to be grown beginning from an assessment of the needs of customer as well as the market place (Cots, Casadess and Marimon 2014). The ultimate goal of the service strategy of ITIL is for making HSC thinks as well as act in a particular strategic manner (Picard, Renault and Barafort 2015). However, HSC was not really sure regarding what framework or methodology for using, so the company has made a decision for take time for exploring their options (Renault, Cortina and Barafort 2015). The organization did not even intend for going for a proprietary methodology or framework. The organization, instead desired a framework that was founded as well as proven in a diverse environment of Information Technology. As mentioned in the earlier section, the orga nization has realized by evaluating the service strategy framework of ITIL that it was the most relevant as well as the most practical guidance that they could utilize (Ionita and Gordas 2013). Once the HSC got to know what the organization was looking for they wanted for starting immediately the project. The organization was concerned regarding the adaptation of the service strategy of the many processes as well as the roles demonstrated in the framework of ITIL as the organization is like a small team (Barafort, Di Renzo and Merlan 2012). HSC had the idea regarding the exact way that not the entire processes within ITIL were relevant for them. HSC has taken a decision for focusing on what mattered most to the company (Foster and Kesselman 2013). The organization has decided as well as prioritized on the proper opportunity of the processes after many long team sessions with Mr. Vyas, so as for ignoring fixing what was not broken. Therefore, the organization has begun with several s trategies like, Release, SACM, Change, Service Desk, Request Fulfillment, Problem as well as Incident Management (Cox 2013). ITIL Service Strategy It determines which kinds of services must be offered to which markets or customers. the following major processes are the component of the service strategy of the ITIL stage as per ITIL 2011, Strategy Management for the Information Technology Services - the process objective of the Strategy Management for the IT services is for assessing the potential and current market spaces, competitors, capabilities as well as offerings of the service provider in terms of developing strategy for serving the customers (Iden and Eikebrokk 2014). The Strategy Management for the IT services is responsible also to ensure the strategy implementation Service Portfolio Management the process objective of Service Portfolio Management is for managing the portfolio of the service. It also assures that the service provider has the services right mix for meeting the necessary outcomes of business at a suitable investment level (Fitzsimmons and Fitzsimmons 2013). Financial Management for IT Services the process objective of the Financial Management of the IT services is for managing the charging, accounting as well as the budgeting the requirements of the service provider (Davenport 2013). Demand Management the process objective of Demand Management is for influencing, anticipating as well as understanding the demand of customer for the services. It mainly works with the capacity management for assuring that the service provider has enough potential for meeting the necessary requirement (Ali, Soomro and Brohi 2013). Business Relationship Management the process objective of Business Relationship Management is for maintaining a positive relationship with the customers of a certain business. It mainly recognizes the requirements of the potential as well as existing customers of that particular business as well as assures that the suitable services are built for meeting those particular requirements (Schwalbe 2015). In order to provide the suggestion to Mr. Diep, it can be stated that the implementation of the Service Strategy of ITIL should be very effective so that HSC can get several advantages of the proper design of the ITIL Service Strategy. This is because, the service strategy of ITIL helps the companies understand the merits of the utilization of an approach that is market driven. In order to be more successful, HSC must support as well as deliver the products and services that the customers or the clients of this enterprise require (Nurfaizah, Utami and Arief 2015). It also helps this organization for doing this by providing encouragement a service management practice to manage the IT services. HSC cannot act in a vacuum. Clients and the consumers always have alternatives for the tax contributions and dollars. Competitive forces require that this company should do its job better than the alternatives (Chauhan, Raman and Singh 2013). What service strategy is regarding is positioning of the enterprise as non-optional. Fig 1: Service Strategy ITIL (Source: Hesson, Soomro and Geray 2012) Service Design Being of the leading equity as well as professional security brokerage enterprise, HSC has implemented several service design processes. The major goal of the proper ITIL service design is for designing new operations in IT (Dahlstrom, Walker and Dziuban 2013). The Service design scope incorporates the new service design, as well as the improvements and changes towards the existing ones. There is several IT service design process those can be utilized by HSC. These are as follows, Design Coordination the process objective of design coordination of HSC is for coordinating all the resources, processes as well as activities of design (Fitzsimmons and Fitzsimmons 2013). The design coordination assures the effective as well as consistent design of the changed or new IT metrics, information, processes, technology, architectures, service management information systems and changed or new IT services (Davenport 2013). Service Catalogue Management The process objective of Service Catalogue Management is for ensuring that a Service Catalogue is maintained as well as produced, containing exact details on all of the services of operation gives important detail for all other processes of Service Management: the interdependencies of services, current status and service details (Schwalbe 2015). Risk Management The process objective of risk management is for identifying, controlling as well as assessing risks. It incorporates evaluating how vulnerable every asset is to the threats, identifying the threats to the assets as well as analyzing the value of the assets to the business (Willcocks 2013). Capacity Management the process objective of capacity management is for ensuring that the IT services capacity as well as the IT infrastructure is capable of delivering the agreed targets of service level in a timely as well as cost effective manner (Alexander 2013). It also considers all of the resources necessary for delivering the IT service as well as the plans for short, long and medium term requirements of business. Availability Management the process objective of Availability management is for defining, analyzing, planning, measuring as well as improving all of the aspects of the IT service availability (Borghoff and Pareschi 2013). It is responsible to ensure that all of the IT roles, tools, processes, infrastructure and many more are suitable for the agreed targets of availability IT Service Continuity Management the objective of IT Service Continuity Management is for managing risks that could impact seriously the IT services. ITSCM also assures that the provider of IT services can provide always minimum agreed levels of Service, minimizing the risk from the events of disaster to a level of acceptability and recovery planning of the IT services (Galliers and Leidner 2014). ITSCM must be implemented for supporting the Business Continuity Management. Information Security Management the process objective is for assuring the availability, integrity as well as the confidentiality of the IT services, data and information of the organization (Marchewka 2014). Information Security Management generally generates the component of the approach of HSC for the security management that has a huge scope that the IT Service Provider (Galliers and Leidner 2014). Compliance Management The process objective of Compliance Management is for ensuring the systems, processes and IT services comply with the legal requirements as well as policies of HSC. Architecture Management The major objective of Architecture Management is for defining a particular blueprint of HSC for the technological landscapes future development, considering the newly available technologies as well as the service strategy in the enterprise (Cots, Casadess and Marimon 2014). Supplier Management The process objective of supplier management is for ensuring the fact that all of the contracts with the suppliers support the business requirements as well as that all of the suppliers fulfill their contractual; commitments (Picard, Renault and Barafort 2015). After identifying as well as discussing all of the service design processes, it can easily be said that HSC should carry out the continuation of the implementation of the processes of Service Design (Renault, Cortina and Barafort 2015). Based on the case and according to the functionalities of the processes of service design, there are several processes of service design are of the highest priority for HSC. These strategies are; Service Portfolio Management, Demand Management and Financial Management (Ionita and Gordas 2013). The reason behind prioritizing all of the five strategies is that all the processes are directly related to the proper implementation of the service design and these cover all of the aspects of service design. ISO/IEC 20000 Certification The organization has to align itself with several regulatory controls, being a financial company. The organization has established Information Security Management System (ISMS) and has also implemented ISO 27000 certification (Barafort, Di Renzo and Merlan 2012). Now, this particular section aims to provide suggestion on the decision. 6.1 Benefits of ISO/IEC 20000 Certification The benefits of ISO/IEC 20000 Certification can be based on the stage of service management maturity in HSC. Few benefits may be there that occur at distinct stages for every company but the table designed below provides an indication of where every edvantage should be felt. Maturity Level Example Advantages Few ITSM processes designed Example: Change, incident management Particular functional advantages of every process inside the implemented areas limits All the processes of ITSM designed in Silos All processes in ISO20000-1 clauses 5-9 Enhanced availability Control given by every process All the processes of ITSM integrated Example: change management now can operate completely with the management of configuration and deployment and release management (Ionita and Gordas 2013). enhanced effectiveness with complete advantages of every process Traceability Consistency Control given over processes Capability of restoring service as per the continuity plan of IT service Capability of managing information security needs for the IT service SLAs related to the requirements of service are agreed with the customer and managed relationship of business is improved Suppliers managed in a controlled as well as consistent way Table 1: Advantages of ISO/IEC 20000 Certification (Source: Renault, Cortina and Barafort 2015) Drawbacks of ISO/IEC 20000 Certification There are some drawbacks of ISO/IEC 20000 Certification that should not be overlooked by HSC after the implementation of this certification. It is personal, and organization begin for wishing for a way for keeping the intellectual property of HSC more anchored instead of being affected strongly by the staff fluctuation as people come and go (Ionita and Gordas 2013). ITIL 2011 can have the potential to address more functions and processes then before, and designing all of them seems like the mission is impossible (Renault, Cortina and Barafort 2015). Conclusions and Recommendations to the Head of IT Recommendations The issues should be resolved those have been encountered in the operations of ITSM by adopting ITIL in HSC. Therefore, the Head of the IT department of the organization has to follow some recommendations in terms of the adaptation of the several service strategy as well as service designs. The recommendations or the recommending ways to mitigate the issues are as follows, First of all, HSC has to start with the small but the great planning of the ITIL adoption as this implementation of ITIL is very important for consolidating the Service Transition as well as Service Operation processes that the organization has already adopted. On the other hand, the organization should try to construct a team of process implementation as early as possible in order to maintain all of the strategies to make this operation successful. HSC also has to prioritize the strategies and the operations which would be implemented first. The organization should know what is important for the company at this point of time. HSC should be careful about the downsides of ISO/IEC 20000 Certification while making it so that the organization can take necessary steps in order to resolve the issues very smoothly. Conclusion After conducting the entire report, it can easily be said that this report has successfully implemented and covered all of the facts associated with the ITIL adaptation in HSC. the organization should know the importance of ITSM in terms of managing IT services. On the other hand, the organization should keep a clear strategic focus on the implementation of ITIL by constructing the service strategies as well as service design. The ISO/IEC 20000 Certification downsides as well as the advantages should be remembered by the company. Most importantly, the organization has to be very careful about the implementation of the recommending strategies. Reference List Alexander, K., 2013.Facilities management: theory and practice. Routledge. Ali, S.M., Soomro, T.R. and Brohi, M.N., 2013. Mapping information technology infrastructure library with other information technology standards and best practices.Journal of Computer Science,9(9), p.1190. Anon, (2016). 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